Cilia are conserved microtubule based sensory organelles that underlie our sense of sight, taste, smell, and hearing. Cilia also coordinate the reception and much of the transduction of the important developmental signal Sonic Hedgehog. The size and shape of the ciliary compartment is highly regulated and has major implications for signaling homeostasis. In studying the specialized and branched morphology of neuronal cilia in C. elegans, I have uncovered a conserved kinase cascade that controls cilia structure in a tunable fashion, it does so by regulating microtubule stability. Upregulation of this pathway entirely dismantles cilia, while its loss leads to cilia that are highly elongated. These kinases seem to act as crucial nodes to regulate cilia structure, but little is known about how cells sense cilia size or integrity to tune the activity of this kinase cascade? Or how these kinases in turn regulate microtubule stability? I will present a novel upstream regulator of this pathway that we hope will help us better understand the ciliary size sensing mechanism. In related studies on the branching morphogenesis of cilia, I have identified a specific role for glial support cells in ciliary elaboration in a process that is analogous to the morphogenesis of vertebrate photoreceptor outer segments (or specialized cilia).
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