Ocular Inflammation and Immunology Causes and Risk Factors

Ocular Inflammation and Immunology - Causes and Risk Factors

What causes ocular inflammation?
Ocular inflammation may be the result of a wide variety of causes, including infection and inflammatory disorders. Some conditions may affect other parts of the body. In many cases however, despite thorough investigations, the cause remains unknown.

Condition	Symptoms	Possible diagnosis
Episcleritis Scleritis	Redness, pain, watering	Idiopathic episcleritis Anterior scleritis (diffuse or nodular, with or without necrosis) Posterior scleritis
Anterior uveitis Iritis Iridocyclitis	Redness,pain, photophobia, watering, elevated eye pressure, vision may or may not be affected	Idiopathic anterior uveitis HLA-B27 related uveitis Herpetic keratouveitis Posner Schlossman syndrome Fuchs Heterochromic iridocyclitis Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis
Intermediate uveitis Pars Planitis	Floaters, blurred vision	Idiopathic intermediate uveitis Underlying systemic disease (Multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, syphilis, Tuberculosis, Lyme disease)
Posterior uveitis Retinitis Choroiditis Chorioretinitis Neuroretinitis	Blurred vision	Infective: Toxoplasmosis Viral retinitis (including acute retinal necrosis): Varicella zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus Dengue-associated disease
Retinal Vasculitis	Blurred vision, floaters	Eales Disease Behcets disease Sarcoidosis Systemic lupus erythematosus Polyarteritis nodosa Wegeners granulomatosis Infective: Tuberculosis, syphilis, viral, toxoplasmosis
Infective panuveitis (Endophthalmitis)	All of above	Exogenous from open wound (e.g. trauma, post-op) Endogenous from internal source through the blood stream (e.g. hepatobiliary disease, urinary tract infection)
Non-infective panuveitis	All of above	Behcets Disease Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Sympathetic Ophthalmia Sarcoidosis Masquerade syndromes (tumour related)