Colorectal cancer or CRC as termed by doctors is the cancer of the large intestines. It is fast becoming the leading health concern in Singapore. This is due to an over two-fold increase in its incidence over the last quarter century. This cancer is often preceded by a pre-cancerous outgrowth called polyps. Both polyps as well as colon cancer occur much more frequently in industrialized, affluent societies; and associated dietary & lifestyle changes.

Diets low in fruits, vegetables, protein from vegetable sources and roughage is associated with a higher incidence of polyps. Persons smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day are 250% more likely to have polyps as opposed to non-smokers. Persons who drink alcoholic beverages have an 87% increased risk of having polyps compared to non-drinkers and those who smoke and drink are 400% more at risk than those who avoid these habits.

There is increasing evidence that diets high in calcium can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. An even more protective action in preventing colon cancer is the eating of vegetables. Phytochemicals found in vegetables, together with roughage or fiber act to prevent cancer. People who exercise daily are also less likely to develop colon cancer.

It may take 5 or more years for a polyp to reach 1 cm in diameter and 5 to 10 years or more to turn into cancer and another 5 to 10 years for the cancer to cause symptoms by which time it is usually too late. Therefore, early detection diagnosis and treatment can improve length of survival.

In this issue we hope to answer your concerns about risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, screening & treatment of this cancer and offer some useful tips in its management and prevention. So happy reading and cheers for a healthy lifestyle to beat this cancer!

Dr Sandeep Rajan
Editor-in-Chief